Data & Modeling Practice

DOK 3 Practice

Justify model choices and critique data-based conclusions.

These questions emphasize residual patterns, model validity, outliers, and the difference between association and causation.

How to use this set

DOK 3 data questions often ask for the best reason. Use evidence from shape, residuals, range, or context.

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Set Focus

Data analysis and justification

DOK 3 questions reward careful interpretation, not just calculation.

Model fit

Judge whether a linear model matches the pattern in the data.

Residual plots

Use randomness or patterns in residuals to assess fit.

Validity

Decide whether interpolation or extrapolation is reasonable.

Causation

Avoid claiming cause from association alone.

Practice Questions

Analysis, Error Correction, and Modeling

Check your answer first, then reveal the explanation when you want the model.

Question 1

Model choice

A scatterplot curves upward: small x-values grow slowly, then larger x-values grow faster. Which conclusion is most reasonable?

Question 2

Residual reasoning

A residual plot has points randomly scattered above and below 0 with no clear pattern. What does this suggest?

Question 3

Residual pattern

A residual plot forms a clear U-shaped pattern. What is the best interpretation?

Question 4

Association versus causation

A study finds that students who bring water bottles also tend to have higher test scores. Which statement is most appropriate?

Question 5

Interpret model limits

A model predicts the height of a sunflower for days 1 through 40. Why might predicting day 100 be risky?

Question 6

Line of best fit critique

A student draws a line of best fit that is above almost every point in the scatterplot. What is the best critique?

Question 7

Outlier effect

A scatterplot has one point far away from the rest of the data. What should you consider before trusting the linear model?

Question 8

Two-way table analysis

A two-way table shows that 70 percent of students in Group A passed and 68 percent of students in Group B passed. Which conclusion is strongest?

Question 9

Correlation strength

Two data sets have correlation coefficients r=0.92 and r=0.35. Which statement is true?

Question 10

Prediction validity

A model for shoe size and height was built using data from teenagers. Which prediction is most valid?

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